Pan-Germanism is an outdated pan-nationalist political idea. But it has always generated fear among neighbouring nations. Today, in an operetta, sinister and bizarre form, these fears are reflected in the perception of European integration as the German…
Pan-Slavism as a doctrine of foreign policy has never been officially endorsed. It emerged, however, as an ideological cover for the external actions of imperial Russia, and even, though fleetingly and inconsistently, of the policy of…
Blood kinship drives the human instinct for political action. People linked to us by blood ties always occupy a privileged place in our social activities. In the tribal dimension, this is reflected in the special treatment of…
No one looks for religious overtones in the war unleashed by Putin against Ukraine. The tomos elevating the Ukrainian Orthodox Church to autocephaly, issued in 2019, irritated Putin. It undermined his thesis that Ukrainians belonged…
