Jerzy Andrzejewski in “Miazga”, brilliant in terms of its literary concept but flat in terms of its final shape, refers in his diary to a fragment of the radio broadcast “Afternoon with Youth” from September…
Polish identity has been plagued by the syndrome of provincialism for centuries. And it is a fact that for centuries we have remained outside the centre of civilization development, although the degree of this distance…
Before the Polish elections in 2023, a certain politician frequently called by his opponents as being “out of touch” tried to describe the concept of the international position and the international status of the state.…
The second principle, apart from reconciliation, which I proposed in to add to the CSCE Helsinki Decalogue thirty years ago, is solidarity. And a few months after the CSCE summit in 1992, I managed to…
During the Cold War, Western diplomats reproached representatives of the so-called socialist camp when they questioned the connection between human rights and democracy and interstate relations: “How can we trust your governments if even your…
When in 1992 I was asked for suggestions for the Polish speech at the CSCE summit in Helsinki, I proposed that two additional principles be added to the decalogue of principles guiding the relations between…
Power has been the key to international politics since time immemorial. Power remains also a fundamental tool in ensuring international order. If power is defined as the ability to enforce the desired behaviour on partners,…
There is no shortage of belief, both in the West and in the Global South, that the only chance to overcome the challenges facing the world is to entrust the helm of rule to meritocracy.…
The Western vision of the world originally assumed (two hundred years ago) its civilizational and cultural homogenization based on Western values. This is the stigma attached to universalism. And capitalism, spreading around the world since…
All states are equal (in terms of international law), but in political terms (due to differences in power) some are more equal than others. This truth is old and indisputable. The fundamental inequalities in terms…
