Continuing the historical excursion into the past, today I will describe the military-political dimension of the so-called class solidarity, i.e. the functioning of the camp of socialist states as a military bloc. The Warsaw Pact…
“Mutual assistance” was the notion used to define the essence of economic relations between the states of the socialist family. It is hard to find a more solidarity-based term, despite the fact that the disproportions in…
Kinship may not only have a linguistic, ethnic and religious dimension. It can reject ethno-cultural tribalism as such and replace it with other social links and divisions, for instance based on class. Such were the consequences of…
“Vot vam russkiy mir”, “Prishol k nam russkiy mir” – one could hear such comments from Ukrainians on videos depicting the atrocities of the Russian army during the invasion of Ukraine. The Russian attack revealed…
The idea of Francophonie as a cultural community of people and institutions using the French language was born quite a long time ago. This term was supposedly invented in the 1880s by Onesime Reclus. But the term…
Speaking a common language, cultural similarities, a common past (not necessarily a rosy one), even with ethnic or religious differences, are a natural factor in developing special relationships. The most recognizable community in this regard is the…
Pan-Germanism is an outdated pan-nationalist political idea. But it has always generated fear among neighbouring nations. Today, in an operetta, sinister and bizarre form, these fears are reflected in the perception of European integration as the German…
Pan-Slavism as a doctrine of foreign policy has never been officially endorsed. It emerged, however, as an ideological cover for the external actions of imperial Russia, and even, though fleetingly and inconsistently, of the policy of…
Blood kinship drives the human instinct for political action. People linked to us by blood ties always occupy a privileged place in our social activities. In the tribal dimension, this is reflected in the special treatment of…
No one looks for religious overtones in the war unleashed by Putin against Ukraine. The tomos elevating the Ukrainian Orthodox Church to autocephaly, issued in 2019, irritated Putin. It undermined his thesis that Ukrainians belonged…
